Prickly pear seed oil is a nutrient-dense botanical oil renowned for its high concentrations of essential fatty acids, tocopherols—particularly γ-tocopherol—and polyphenols. It delivers potent antioxidant protection, neutralizes inflammation, and supports the skin barrier. Clinically, it enhances hydration, improves elasticity, and promotes repair in compromised or aging skin. Its lightweight texture makes it suitable for sensitive, acne-prone, or reactive complexions.

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that functions as a chemical exfoliant in skincare. Due to its small molecular size, it penetrates the skin efficiently to dissolve the bonds between dead skin cells, promoting desquamation and accelerating cellular turnover. Clinically, it improves skin texture, reduces the appearance of fine lines, hyperpigmentation, and acne lesions, and enhances overall radiance. It also stimulates collagen synthesis, supporting firmer, more resilient skin over time.

Lactic acid is a mild alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin by loosening the bonds between dead surface cells, promoting smoother texture and increased radiance. It also functions as a humectant, drawing moisture into the skin and enhancing hydration. Clinically, it improves skin tone, reduces the appearance of fine lines, and supports a healthy skin barrier, making it especially suitable for dry or sensitive skin types.

Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds, known for its larger molecular structure that allows for slower, more controlled penetration. This makes it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. It gently exfoliates, refines texture, and helps reduce hyperpigmentation while offering antibacterial properties that target breakouts. Mandelic acid also supports cell turnover without significant irritation, making it a versatile choice for uneven tone and congested skin.

Niacinamide, or vitamin B3, is a multi-functional active that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces transepidermal water loss, and enhances moisture retention. It visibly improves uneven skin tone, refines the look of pores, and diminishes dullness. Clinically, it calms inflammation, regulates sebum production, and helps mitigate the appearance of fine lines and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, making it suitable for a wide range of skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

Sodium hyaluronate is the salt form of hyaluronic acid, prized for its superior stability and ability to deeply hydrate the skin. It binds up to 1,000 times its weight in water, replenishing moisture levels and improving skin elasticity. Its low molecular weight allows for deeper penetration, helping to plump the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines, and support barrier repair without occlusion or heaviness.

Propanediol 1,3 is a skin-conditioning agent and solvent derived from corn sugar. It enhances the absorption of active ingredients, improves product texture, and serves as a gentle alternative to traditional glycols. It also provides light hydration, supports barrier function, and helps reduce potential irritation from other actives, making it suitable for sensitive and reactive skin formulations.

Xylitol is a sugar-derived humectant that enhances skin hydration by improving water transport across the epidermis and reinforcing the skin barrier. It supports microbiome balance, reduces transepidermal water loss, and promotes smoother, more resilient skin. Its soothing properties make it beneficial for dry, sensitive, or compromised complexions.

Aloe barbadensis leaf extract is a botanical ingredient known for its soothing, hydrating, and anti-inflammatory properties. Rich in polysaccharides, amino acids, and antioxidants, it calms irritation, supports wound healing, and reinforces the skin’s moisture barrier. It is particularly beneficial for sensitive, inflamed, or post-procedure skin.

Sodium PCA is a naturally occurring humectant and component of the skin’s natural moisturizing factors (NMF). It attracts and retains moisture, enhancing skin hydration and elasticity. By reinforcing the skin barrier and maintaining optimal water balance, it supports smoothness, suppleness, and overall skin resilience, particularly in dry or environmentally stressed skin.

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a deeply hydrating and skin-soothing ingredient that supports barrier repair and regeneration. It enhances moisture retention, reduces transepidermal water loss, and calms irritation and redness. Its anti-inflammatory and healing properties make it especially effective for sensitive, compromised, or post-treatment skin.

Centella asiatica extract is a botanical active revered for its wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Rich in triterpenoids such as asiaticoside and madecassoside, it promotes collagen synthesis, strengthens the skin barrier, and reduces redness and irritation. It is especially beneficial for sensitive, damaged, or aging skin seeking calm, repair, and resilience.

Melia azadirachta leaf extract, derived from the neem tree, is a botanical extract known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It helps purify the skin, reduce the appearance of blemishes, and soothe irritation. Its protective phytochemical profile supports barrier health and is particularly beneficial in formulations targeting acne-prone or environmentally stressed skin.